Para além da fantasia: Contribuições psicanalíticas para o tratamento possível das psicoses no hospital-dia / Beyond the phantasy: Psychoanalytical contributions to the possible treatment on psychoses in a Day Hospital / Más allá de la fantasía: Contribuciones del Psicoanálisis al tratamiento posible de psicosis en el Hospital-de-Día

Pode-se afirmar que, ao longo de uma considerável parte da história da Psicanálise, a operacionalidade da transferência na psicose esteve questionada. Em sua época, Freud considerou que com a Psicanálise se podia entender muito melhor as psicoses, mas que não haveria como tratá-las. Ainda que Lacan, a partir de seu ensino, tenha legado operadores que permitem que o psicanalista possa melhor se situar nas especificidades dessa clínica tão delicada, resta perceptível que a questão da transferência na psicose se afigura ainda hoje como problemática em termos teóricos, ensejando discordâncias e questionamentos. Nesse contexto, os autores consideraram indispensável uma investigação que pudesse delimitar as especificidades da transferência em sujeitos estruturados pela via da psicose, delineando certos aspectos da posição do analista em relação ao sujeito psicótico e às possibilidades de intervenção desde o lugar a ele destinado. Assim, partindo da experiência de um dos autores em um hospital-dia, cujos dispositivos estão pensados para a facilitação do estabelecimento das condições de escuta para os sujeitos psicóticos, busca-se consolidar a sustentação teórica de tal práxis com base na contribuição de psicanalistas como José Zuberman e Jean Oury sobre o tema, problematizando as tensões entre o singular e o coletivo inerentes a uma clínica diferencial tendente à inclusão da instituição e à inclusão de "pequenos outros" no delineamento dos respectivos tratamentos possíveis.

One can affirm that, over a substantial part of Psychoanalysis History, the functionality of the transference on psychoses has been questioned. In his days, Freud has considered that by means of Psychoanalysis one could better understand the psychoses, but there was no possible treating. Although Lacan, through his teaching, had bequeathed operators that allow the psychoanalyst to better locate on the particularities of a such challenging clinics, it's still evident that the matter concerning the transference on psychoses remains, even today, as a problematic issue in theorical terms, entailing disagreements and questionings. In this context, the authors have considered imperative an investigation capable of delimiting the specificities of the transference on subjects structured by psychoses, delineating certain aspects on the analists' position regarding to the psychotic subject and the possibilities of intervention from his fated place. Thereby, from the experience of one of the authors in a Day Hospital, whose devices are conceived to facilitate the setting up of listening conditions to psychotic subjects, it's intended to consolidate the theorical basis of such practice taking into consideration the contribution of psychoanalysts, such as José Zuberman and Jean Oury about the matter, looking over the tensions between the singular and the collective inherent in a differential clinics inclined to the inclusion of the institution and to the inclusion of "others" on the delineation of the respective possible treatments.

Se puede afirmar que a lo largo de una considerable parte de la historia del Psicoanálisis, la operacionalidad de la transferencia en la psicosis estuvo cuestionada. En su época, Freud ha considerado que con el Psicoanálisis uno podría entender mucho mejor las psicosis, pero no habría manera de tratarlas. Aunque Lacan, desde su enseñanza, haya legado operadores que permiten al psicoanalista mejor ubicarse respecto de las especificidades de esta clínica tan delicada, sigue notable que la cuestión de la transferencia en la psicosis aun hoy es considerada problemática en términos teóricos, dando lugar a desacuerdos y cuestionamientos. En este contexto, los autores consideran indispensable una investigación que pueda delimitar las especificidades de la transferencia en sujetos estructurados por la vía de la psicosis, contornando ciertos aspectos de la posición del analista respecto del sujeto psicótico y las posibilidades de intervención desde el lugar a él determinado. Entonces, desde la experiencia de uno de los autores en un hospital-de-día, cuyos dispositivos están hechos para facilitar el establecimiento de las condiciones de escucha hacia los sujetos psicóticos, se busca consolidar la sustentación teórica de esta práctica a partir de la contribución de psicoanalistas como José Zuberman y Jean Oury respecto de la materia, problematizando las tensiones entre singular y colectivo inherentes a una clínica diferencial que tiene una tendencia a la inclusión de la institución y a la inclusión de "pequeños otros" en el establecimiento de los respectivos tratamientos posibles.

Contribuições de um hospital-dia para as redes de apoio social a pessoas com transtornos mentais / Contribuciones de un hospital día para redes de apoyo social para personas con trastornos mentales / A day hospital's contributions for social support networks for people with mental disorders

Resumo: Objetivo: Identificar as práticas terapêuticas de um Hospital-Dia em Saúde Mental dirigidas ao suporte às redes de apoio social a pessoas com transtornos mentais. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo associado às técnicas de observação participante, entrevistas e revisão documental realizadas no período de 31 de março a 17 de abril de 2014, no Hospital-Dia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo - HD/HCFMRP/USP. Resultados: O Grupo Comunitário de Saúde mental do HD/HCFMRP/USP se constitui em uma das abordagens terapêuticas do plano terapêutico para os pacientes em tratamento sob o regime de semi-internação, ao mesmo tempo em que se consolidou como uma estrutura para além do Hospital-Dia. É uma atividade aberta à comunidade e objetiva ser um espaço para o exercício dialogado de apropriação e comunicação de vivências cotidianas. Discussão: A Terapia Comunitária Integrativa vem se consolidando como uma nova tecnologia de intervenção psicossocial caracterizado por acolher, escutar e cuidar dos sujeitos e de seus sofrimentos. É um espaço de promoção de encontros interpessoais e intercomunitários, de compartilhamento de experiências e acumulações de vida de forma a valorizar cada uma das histórias de vida dos participantes, resgatando a auto-estima, a confiança em si, na perspectiva de ampliação da percepção dos problemas e do consequente vislumbrar de possibilidades de suas resoluções a partir das competências locais.

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar las prácticas terapéuticas del Hospital de Día dirigidas a las redes de apoyo social de personas con trastornos mentales. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio descriptivo asociado a técnicas de observación participante, entrevistas y revisión documental realizados del 31 de marzo al 17 de abril de 2014 en el Hospital de Día del Hospital de Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidad de San Pablo. Resultados: El Grupo Comunitario de Salud Mental del HD/HCFMRP/USP se constituye en uno de los enfoques terapéuticos del plan terapéutico para los pacientes en tratamiento bajo el régimen de semi-internación, al tiempo que se consolidó como una estructura más allá del Hospital de Día. Es una actividad abierta a la comunidad y tiene como objetivo ser un espacio para el ejercicio dialogado de apropiación y comunicación de vivencias cotidianas. Discusión: La Terapia Comunitaria Integrativa se viene consolidando como una nueva tecnología de intervención psicosocial caracterizada por acoger, escuchar y cuidar de los sujetos y de sus sufrimientos. Es un espacio de promoción de encuentros interpersonales e intercomunitarios, para compartir experiencias de vida, para valorar cada una de las historias de vida de los participantes, promoviendo la autoestima y la confianza en sí, a modo de ampliar la percepción de los problemas y encontrar posibilidades de resolución a partir de las competencias locales.

Abstract: Objective: To identify the therapeutic practices of a Day Hospital Mental Health directed support to social support networks for people with mental disorders. Methodology: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study associated with participant observation techniques, interviews and documentary review carried out from March 31 to April 17, 2014, in Day Hospital, Hospital Clinical, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - HD/HCFMRP/USP. Results: The Community Health Group of the HD/HCFMRP/USP constitutes one of the therapeutic approaches of the therapeutic plan for the patients under treatment under the semi-hospitalization regime, at the same time that it has consolidated as a structure beyond the Day Hospital. It is an activity open to the community and aims to be a space for the dialogical exercise of appropriation and communication of everyday experiences. Discussion: Integrative Community Therapy has been consolidating as a new technology of psychosocial intervention characterized by welcoming, listening and caring for the subjects and their sufferings. It is a space for the promotion of interpersonal and intercommunal meetings, sharing of experiences and accumulations of life in order to value each one of the life stories of the participants, rescuing the self-esteem, the confidence in itself, in the perspective of amplifying the perception of the problems and the consequent glimpsing of possibilities of their resolutions based on local competences.

Características sociodemográficas y diagnósticas de los usuarios del Hospital Diurno Infanto Juvenil, de Viña del Mar, entre los años 2002 y 2016 / Sociodemographic and diagnostic characterization of the Viña del Mar's Youth Day Hospital, between years 2002 and 2016

El presente estudio se realiza en el Hospital Diurno Infanto Juvenil de Viña del Mar, buscando describir el tipo de usuario (sexo, edad, escolaridad, comuna de residencia, centro derivador) y si existe pertinencia entre el diagnóstico de ingreso y el de egreso. Se analizaron 266 fichas clínicas entre los años 2002 y 2016 utilizando estadística descriptiva, encontrando que la mayoría de los usuarios son adolescentes (entre 12 y 17 años), escolarizados, que han presentado intervenciones en salud mental previas (77% derivados desde atención Hospitalaria), presentan una distribución similar entre hombres y mujeres (51% y 49%) respectivamente, mostrando como diagnósticos más frecuentes de ingreso y egreso los Trastornos de ánimo y esquizofrenia. Residiendo el 49,6% en Viña del Mar.Palabras claves: Hospital Diurno, Infancia, adolescencia, características usuario.

This study has been done in Viña del Mar's Youth Day Hospital, the goal is to characterize the users by sex, age, education level, and place of residence, and also to look for some process related characteristics like the center that first received the patient, the diagnostic with which the patient is received and discharged. There were 266 medical records between years 2002 and 2016, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found that the main bulk of users were teenagers (between 12 and 17), attending school, with previous mental health interventions (77% of them where coming from other hospitals), the distribution between men and woman was even (51% men and 49% women), where the most common diagnostic both when entering the program and at discharge was Mood disorder and schizophrenia. Most of them live in Viña del Mar (49,6%).Key Words: Day Hospital, Childhood, Adolescence, user characterization.

Efficacy of a Day-Hospital Treatment Program for Child with Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Mental Retardation : A Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a day-hospital treatment program designed to help development of children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and mental retardation (MR). METHODS: Retrospective review of the charts of 32 children (28 with PDD, 4 with MR), who participated in a day-hospital treatment program of Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, from October 2008 to February 2012, was conducted. Development level of each patient was evaluated according to the Psycho-Educational Profile-Revised (PEP-R), Social Maturity Scale (SMS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Evaluation was done at two points, before participation and after 1 year participation. RESULTS: Children who participated in the day-hospital treatment program showed significant improvement in all categories of PEP-R, SMS, and CARS. CONCLUSION: Day-hospital treatment program is effective for helping development of children with PDD and MR.

Forty years of a psychiatric day hospital / Quarenta anos de um hospital de dia de psiquiatria

INTRODUCTION: Day hospitals in psychiatry are a major alternative to inpatient care today, acting as key components of community and social psychiatry. Objective: To study trends in the use of psychiatric day hospitals over the last decades of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, focusing on patient age, sex, and diagnostic group, using data from Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal. METHODS: Data corresponding to years 1970 to 2009 were collected from patient files. Patients were classified into seven diagnostic groups considering their primary diagnoses only. RESULTS: Mean age upon admission rose from 32.7±12.1 years in the second half of the 1970s to 43.5±12.2 years in 2005-2009 (p for trend < 0.001). Most patients were female (63.2%), however their proportion decreased from nearly 70% in the 1970s to 60% in the first decade of the 21st century. In males, until the late 1980s, neurotic disorders (E) were the most common diagnosis, accounting for more than one third of admissions. In the subsequent years, this proportion decreased, and the number of admissions for schizophrenia (C) exceeded 50% in 2004- 2009. In females, until the late 1980s, affective disorders (D) and neurotic disorders (E), similarly distributed, accounted for most admissions. From the 1990s on, the proportion of neurotic disorders (E) substantially decreased, and affective disorders (D) came to represent more than 50% of all admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Mean age upon admission rose with time, as did the percentage of female admissions, even though the latter tendency weakened in the last 10 years assessed. There was also an increase in the proportion of patients with schizophrenia. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Os hospitais de dia em psiquiatria representam atualmente uma das principais alternativas ao internamento, atuando como componentes chave na psiquiatria comunitária e social. OBJETIVO: Avaliar tendências na utilização de um hospital de dia no período compreendido entre as últimas décadas do século 20 e a primeira década do século 21, com foco em idade, sexo e grupo diagnóstico, usando dados do Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal. MÉTODOS: Dados correspondentes aos anos 1970 a 2009 foram coletados dos prontuários clínicos. Os pacientes foram classificados em sete grupos diagnósticos, tendo em conta o diagnóstico principal. Resultados: A idade média na admissão aumentou de 32.7±12.1 anos na segunda metade da década de 1970 para 43.5±12.2 anos em 2005-2009 (p < 0.001). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (63.2%), no entanto sua proporção diminuiu de cerca de 70% na década de 1970 para 60% na primeira década do século 21. Nos homens, até o final dos anos 1980, o grupo das perturbações neuróticas (E) era o diagnóstico mais comum, representando mais de um terço das admissões. Durante os anos seguintes, essa proporção diminuiu, e o número de admissões por esquizofrenia (C) alcançou mais de 50% no período de 2004-2009. Nas mulheres, até o final dos anos 1980, as perturbações afetivas (D) e as perturbações neuróticas (E), distribuídas similarmente, respondiam pela maioria das admissões. A partir dos anos 1990, a proporção das perturbações neuróticas (E) diminuiu substancialmente, e as perturbações afetivas (D) passaram a corresponder a mais de 50% do total das admissões. Conclusões: A idade média na admissão ...

The Role Transition and Development Direction of the Psychiatric Day Hospital in General Hospital : Introduction of Day Intensive Care Center / 신경정신의학

The role of the day hospital as a mediator between psychiatric ward admission and return to the community has been weakening in general hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to suggest new developmental directions for the day hospital in general hospitals. The history and the operation model of day hospitals were investigated through a bibliographic search. The national mental health care system and the operational realities of the day hospital were also reviewed. The Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) Day intensive care center (DICC) was introduced ; we then observed several indexes of the SNUH day hospital before and after the institution of DICC. The number of national community mental health care centers is increasing, and the role of this center is similar to the role of the day hospital. The SNUH day hospital invented a short-term intensive care program named DICC for patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, panic and mood disorders and showed marked increment of the number of patients and income after introduction of the DICC. There might be some benefits in introduction of the DICC to psychiatric day hospitals. The role of the DICC will be highlighted in general hospitals, not only for improvement of day hospital management, but also to help patients through early intervention.

Prospective Study to Determine the Efficacy of Day Hospital Care to Improve Treatment Adherence for Hospitalized Schizophrenic Patients / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of day hospital care in hospitalized schizophrenic patients in terms of treatment adherence and treatment outcomes. METHODS: Among schizophrenic patients hospitalized between 2011 and 2012, 23 day hospital care patients and 40 control subjects were included in the study. All candidates underwent Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, Drug Attitude Inventory, WHO Quality of Life scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale when their symptoms were stabilized during hospitalization, and after being discharged, 23 patients received day hospital care for two months and then changed to out-patient care while 40 patients received out-patient care immediately after discharge. At the point of two months of out-patient care, the treatment adherence of the two groups was evaluated ; tracking observation was performed until February, 2013, and survival rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Treatment adherence was higher in the day hospital care group than in the control group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a higher survival rate for the day hospital care group compared to the control group. Levels of cognitive insight and quality of life were higher after day hospital care than before day hospital care in the day hospital care group. CONCLUSION: Through the study, it was confirmed that when hospitalized schizophrenic patients receive continuous day hospital care after being discharged, they receive further out patient care more faithfully. The study is considered to aid in the understanding regarding schizophrenic patients' treatment adherence issues and improvement of treatment outcomes.

Qué pasó despué del cierre de los hospitales de día de psiquiatría para niños y adolescentes / What happens after day psychiatric hospitals for children and adolescents are closed

Antecedentes. En Colombia, algunos hospitales públicos ofrecían el servicio de hospital de día de psiquiatría para niños y adolescentes. La gran mayoría fueron cerrados a finales del año 2009. Esta población, asumió la búsqueda de atención para sus hijos, sometiéndose a múltiples recorridos administrativos y jurídicos para poder recibir una atención en salud mental. Objetivos. Describir qué sucedió con los niños y adolescentes que asistían a los hospitales de día, cómo se encuentran ahora y los trámites que han seguido para acceder a los servicios de salud mental. Material y métodos. Se obtuvo una base de datos de 160 pacientes de un hospital de día de niños y adolescentes del año 2007. Por medio de una entrevista telefónica, se explicaba el objetivo del estudio y se citaban a una entrevista semiestructurada entre abril y junio del 2011 para identificar los pasos que han seguido para acceder a los servicios de salud mental. Resultado. De 160 pacientes se pudieron contactar a 24 pacientes vía telefónica, sólo asistieron a la entrevista 8. Las madres referían que todos habían mejorado y estaban muy satisfechas con el tratamiento. Actualmente cinco estaban peor y se evidenciaron importantes barreras para el acceso a consulta especializada. Conclusiones. En promedio los pacientes tardan dos meses en obtener una cita con un especialista en salud mental. De esta forma aun siendo menores de edad presentan barreras administrativas que limitan el rápido, fácil y oportuno acceso al servicio de salud mental.

Background. Some public hospitals' in Colombia offered a day hospital psychiatric service for children and adolescents; most were closed at the end of 2009. This population took on the search for gaining attention for their children; they were submitted to a lot of administrative and legal bureaucracy to be able to receive mental health attention. Objectives. Describing what happened to the children and adolescents attending day hospitals, their present status and the procedures/paperwork involved in being able to gain access to health mental services. Materials and Methods. A 2007 database concerning 160 patients was obtained from a day hospital for children and adolescents. The study's object was explained by telephone interview and the patients' mothers were invited to attend a semi-structured interview between April and June 2011 to identify the steps which they had had to follow to gain access to mental health services. Result. Just 24 of the 160 patients could be contacted by telephone; only 8 of them came for an interview. The mothers stated that all the children had improved and that they were very satisfied with the treatment at the time. At the time of the interview, five of them were worse and the parents were experiencing important barriers to gaining access to specialised consultation. Conclusions. Patients took two months on average to obtain an appointment with a health mental specialist. So, even though being minors, their parents had to face administrative barriers limiting rapid, easy and early access to a mental health service.

Cuidado em saúde mental por meio de grupos terapêuticos de um hospital-dia: perspectivas dos trabalhadores de saúde / Mental healthcare through therapeutic groups in a day hospital: the healthcare workers' point of view / Cuidado en salud mental por medio de grupos terapéuticos de un hospital-día: perspectivas de los trabajadores de salud

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as práticas e os saberes envolvidos nas abordagens terapêuticas grupais e suas articulações com a produção do cuidado em saúde mental em um Hospital-Dia (HD) da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, por meio de pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Para coleta de dados, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com 14 profissionais do HD, além da observação sistemática das práticas. Na análise crítica e reflexiva, buscaram-se convergências e divergências entre as falas dos profissionais e as observações no campo. De acordo com essa análise, as práticas terapêuticas grupais desenvolvidas no HD são importantes para a reabilitação psicossocial dos sujeitos e a equipe do HD utiliza dispositivos para a produção do cuidado, tais como: vínculo, acolhimento, corresponsabilização e autonomia. Ao cuidar do sujeito, a equipe procura entender sua complexidade e subjetividade. A produção do cuidado no HD inclui a participação da família do paciente e perpassa todo o projeto terapêutico.

The objective of this study was to understand the practices and knowledge involved in group therapeutic approaches and their linkages with mental healthcare provision in a day hospital (DH) in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. This was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. To gather data, semi-structured interviews were conducted by 14 professionals at the DH, along with systematic observation of practices. In the critical reflective analysis, convergences and divergences in the professionals' discourse and field observations were sought. From this analysis, the group therapeutic practices developed at the DH were important for individuals' psychosocial rehabilitation. The team at the DH used care provision devices such as linkage, reception, creation of co-responsibility and autonomy. In caring for subjects, the team sought to understand their complexity and subjectivity. The care provision at the DH included participation by patients' families, and this permeated the entire therapeutic project.

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comprender las prácticas y los saberes comprendidos en los planteamientos terapéuticos grupales y sus articulaciones con la producción del cuidado en salud mental en un Hospital-Día (HD) de la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, por medio de investigación descriptiva con planteamiento cualitativo. Para la colecta de datos se ha realizado entrevista semi-estructurada con 14 profesionales del HD, además de la observación sistemática de las prácticas. En el análisis crítico y reflexivo se han buscado convergencias y divergencias entre las manifestaciones de los profesionales y las observaciones en campo. De acuerdo con este análisis las prácticas terapéuticas grupales desarrolladas en el HD son importantes para la re-habilitación psico-social de los sujetos; y el equipo del HD utiliza dispositivos para la producción del cuidado tales como vínculo, acogida, co-responsabilización y autonomía. Al cuidar del sujeto, el equipo trata de entender su complejidad y subjetividad. La producción del cuidado en el HD incluye la participación de la familia del paciente y adelanta todo el proyecto terapéutico.

Las múltiples caras de la hospitalización parcial / The many faces of partial hospitalization

Se revisa el papel de la hospitalización parcial dentro del marco de la continuidad asistencial de los servicios de salud mental. A partir del análisis de cuatro casos ejemplificadores de las diversas opciones terapéuticas de estos programas, se cuestionan algunos mitos en relación con esta modalidad y se subrayan las evidencias establecidas con respecto a ésta. Asimismo, se identifican sus principales funciones y los aspectos fundamentales e idiosincráticos que caracterizan a este tipo de recursos.

This paper reviews partial hospitalization in the context of the continuum of care of mental health services. This is accomplished through the analysis of four case examples that illustrate different modalities offered by these programs. Myths about this treatment modality are discussed in light of available evidence. The principal functions, in addition to the fundamental and unique features characteristic of partial hospitalization are identified and discussed.

Cambios cognoscitivos en la enfermedad mental de pacientes que asisten al Programa de Hospital Día del Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario del Valle / Cognitive changes in mentally ill patients who attend the Day Hospital Program of the Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario del Valle

Las investigaciones han demostrado que la enfermedad mental es causa de disfunciones cognoscitivas, manifestadas en desorden de las ideas y de los sentimientos con trastornos graves del razonamiento, del comportamiento, de la facultad de reconocer la realidad y de adaptarse a los retos normales de la vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir, mediante la evaluación neuropsicológica, los cambios cognoscitivos en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad mental que asistían a un programa de Hospital Día, espacio terapéutico diseñado para la rehabilitación, el cuidado y el acompañamiento del paciente. Se tomaron al azar 25 pacientes entre los 16 y 61 años de edad con una escolaridad mínima de cinco años, y se realizó una valoración neuropsicológica al ingreso (pre) y cinco meses después de dar inicio al tratamiento (pos) con la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Breve en Español, Neuropsi (Ostrosky, Ardila y Roselli, 1994). Los resultados en la preevaluación mostraron que los pacientes con enfermedad mental presentan cambios cognoscitivos en atención, memoria inmediata, evocación con clave semántica, evocación por reconocimiento, memoria visual, comprensión verbal, fluidez verbal semántica, habilidad visoconstruccional, función ejecutiva conceptual y motora; sin embargo, estas funciones cognoscitivas mejoran cuando se asiste regularmente al programa de Hospital Día. Estos resultados hacen evidente la importancia del trabajo terapéutico interdisciplinario, sumado a la farmacoterapia, con el fin de obtener cambios cognoscitivos más estables.

Research has shown that mental illness is caused by cognitive dysfunctions expressed in disorder of ideas and feelings with profound alterations for reasoning, behavioural disorders, and difficulties to recognize reality and adapt to the normal life challenges. The goal of this study was to describe by neuropsychological evaluation the cognitive changes in a group of patients with mental illness who attended a Day Hospital program, a therapeutic space designed for the rehabilitation, care and support of the patients: 25 patients between 16 and 61 years old with a minimum escolarity of five years were randomly selected. A neuropsychological evaluation was conducted before the treatment (pre-evaluation) and five months after the beginning of treatment (post-evaluation). The Brief Neuropsychological Evaluation in Spanish-Neuropsi (Ostrosky, Ardila and Roselli, 1994) was applied. The pre-evaluation results showed that the patients with mental illness present cognitive changes in attention, immediate memory, semantic key evocation, evocation by recognition, visual memory, verbal understanding and semantic verbal fluidity, visoconstructional skills, conceptual, and motor executive functions; however, these cognitive functions improve when patients regularly attend to the Day Hospital program. These results highlight the importance of the interdisciplinary therapeutic work, in addition to pharmacotherapy, in order to achieve more stable cognitive changes.

Usuários do Hospital-Dia: uma discussão sobre performatividade em saúde e doença mental / The users of the Day-Hospital: a discussion about performativity in mental health and disease

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre vulnerabilidade social a partir de uma experiência junto aos usuários do Programa Hospital-Dia. Esse programa, proposto pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, é uma das estratégias para um outro agenciamento social da loucura, distinto do modelo da cultura manicomial com práticas em saúde que podem levar à condição de exclusão e de estigma social. Este estudo foi se estruturando a partir de uma atividade semanal de grupo desenvolvida no Hospital-Dia de um hospital geral público no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na qual foram realizadas observações participantes. O grupo constituiu-se em um espaço de fala em que os usuários conversavam sobre as práticas cotidianas, compartilhando diferentes modos de pensar e sentir sobre a experiência do sofrimento psíquico. Visando a debater como é produzida a condição de vulnerabilidade social em usuários portadores de sofrimento psíquico, nos fundamentamos nas práticas discursivas de políticas públicas em saúde mental, a partir da Reforma Psiquiátrica, e na noção de performatividade na produção da doença/saúde mental. Visibilizam-se, com isso, as formas de estes sujeitos pensarem e se reconhecerem a si mesmos e ao mundo por meio de determinadas marcas identitárias que os constituem como doentes mentais. Mesmo se tratando de um programa situado no campo da Reforma Psiquiátrica, o Hospital-Dia ainda é atravessado por sentidos do discurso da psiquiatria hospitalocêntrica sobre loucura e da prática terapêutica medicamentosa, que inscrevem modos de os sujeitos viverem a saúde/doença mental, com possibilidades restritas de se subjetivarem fora dessa lógica.

This article aims at discussing social vulnerability from an experiment carried out with users of the Day-Hospital Program. This program, proposed by Sistema Único de Saúde, is a strategy directed towards another social agency of madness, distinct from the model of the hospice culture, with health practices that may lead to social exclusion and stigma. This study has been structured from a weekly activity developed in a Day-Hospital of a public general hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, through participative observations?. The group was constituted as a speech space in which users could talk about daily practices, sharing different ways of thinking and feeling the experience of psychic distress. Aiming at debating upon how the condition of social vulnerability has been produced in carriers of psychic distress, we have considered discursive practices of mental health public policies, from the Psychiatric Reform, as well as the notion of performativity in the production of mental health/disease. The forms these subjects think of and recognize both themselves and the world become visible through certain identity marks that constitute them as mentally ill. Even being a program situated in the of the Psychiatric Reform, the Day-Hospital is still crossed by meanings from both the hospital-centered psychiatric discourse about madness and the medicamentous therapeutic practice, which have inscribed ways of subjects living mental health/disease with strict possibilities of subjectifying themselves out of this logic.

Long-term Effects of Day Hospital Program in Stroke Rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: Comprehensive poststroke rehabilitation includes continuum of care after discharge from hospital. Day hospital is a milieu-oriented outpatient rehabilitation program that offers continuous rehabilitation service to promote psychosocial adaptation and quality of life. This study is to evaluate long-term effects of day hospital program in stroke patients. METHOD: Forty-eight stroke patients who received day hospital program for 2 or more months after inpatient rehabilitation program and 42 control stroke patients, who received only inpatient rehabilitation program, responded telephone interview for the study. Outcome measurement included the Korean Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL), the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K- IADL) and the Medical Outcome Study 8-item Short Form Survey (SF-8). RESULTS: There was no difference in many item scores of K-ADL between day hospital group and control group, but the item scores of dressing, washing face and hands were significantly higher in control group. Among the item scores of K-IADL, except managing money, most item scores of K-IADL were no significant difference between day hospital group and control group. All item scores of SF-8 were significantly higher in day hospital group than control group. CONCLUSION: Day hospital is an effective rehabilitation program to enhance health-related quality of life for stroke patients.

Contribuição da atividade física no tratamento do portador de transtorno mental grave e prolongado em Hospital-Dia / Contribution of physical activity in treatment of outpatients with severe long-term mental disirders at a Day Hospital

Tendo como meta a reabilitação psicossocial, o Centro de Reabilitação e Hospital-Dia do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (CRHD do IPqHCFMUSP) propicia aos pacientes uma gama variada de atividades terapêuticas grupais, com a finalidade de resgatar habilidades que o adoecer psíquico comprometeu, e de estimular potenciais não prejudicados assim como sua autonomia. Oferece a possibilidade de participar de psicoterapia, terapia ocupacional, atividade externa, convivência, desenho e pintura, literatura, cidadania, conscientização, psicodrama, cozinha experimental, reorientação ocupacional, vídeo, lazer, dança, massoterapia e atividade física. Esse leque de atividades, porém, torna difícil, para o pesquisador, avaliar a influência de cada uma isoladamente. Neste estudo, optamos por estudar o comportamento do paciente no Grupo de Atividade Física do CRHD citado, tendo foco a atividade terapêutica desenvolvida nesse grupo. Seus objetivos foram. 1)Validar um instrumento para observação da evolução do comportamento do paciente no Grupo de Atividade Física programada: 2) Observar a evolução do paciente nos aspectos dos domínios motor, cognitivo e afetivo-social no Grupo de Atividade Física do CRHD, segundo o instrumento elaborado; 3) Levantar hipóteses sobre a contribuição da atividade física programada no comportamento do portador de transtorno mental e na reabilitação psicossocial. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: na primeira, utilizamos a pesquisa metodológica para a construção de um instrumento que nos permitisse, na segunda etapa, observar a evolução dos pacientes no Grupo de Atividade Física, por meio da pesquisa exploratória-descritiva. O local da pesquisa foi o CRHD citado. A população, constituída por dez pacientes admitidos no CRHD, que participaram do Grupo de Atividade Física. Eram adultos, de ambos os sexos, de diferentes (continuação)faixas etárias, níveis sócio-econômico-cultural e condições físico-motoras. Foram respeitados os aspectos éticos preconizados pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde e obteve-se a aprovação do Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem da USP e da Comissão de Ética da Diretoria Clínica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP e assinado Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A maioria (9) dos participantes recebeu o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e a totalidade (10) fazia tratamento com drogas psicotrópicas. O presente estudo não permite generalizações, portanto, as conclusões a seguir aplicam-se à população estudada: o instrumento construído para observação do comportamento do paciente no Grupo de Atividade Física foi validado, pré-testado e considerado adequado para a finalidade do estudo; as atividades físicas programadas estimularam o desenvolvimento dos participantes nos domínios motor, afetivo-social e cognitivo, tanto pela análise do pesquisador como na visão dos pacientes; e, foi possível identificar várias hipóteses sobre os resultados para futuros estudos.

Focusing on the psychosocial rehabilitation, the Rehabilitation Center and Day Hospital (RCDH) of the Psychiatry Institute at Hospital das Clínicas of the School of Medicine at University of Sao Paulo offers its patients a wide range of therapeutic activities, aimed at retrieving abilities compromised by psychiatric condition, as well as stimulating unharmed potential abilities and patients' autonomy. Therapeutic activities include psychotherapy, occupational therapy, field trips, exchange experience group, citizenship, conscientization, sketching and painting, literature, psychodrama, cooking, vocational orientation, video, leisure, dance, massage therapy, and physical activity. This array of activities makes it difficult for a researcher to evaluate the influence of each activity. In the present research, we studied the behavior of patients of the Physical Activity Group at the RCDH, focusing on the therapeutic activity carried out by that group. The aims of the study were: 1) To validate a tool to observe the evolution of patient behavior at the Physical Activity Group; 2) Observe the evolution of patient concerning motor, cognitive and affective domains, according to the previously mentioned tool; 3) Establish hypotheses regarding the contribution of programmed physical activity to behavior and psychosocial rehabilitation of outpatients with mental health problems. The study was carried out in two phases: in the first phase, methodological research was used to develop a tool to be used in the second phase, which consisted of the observation of the evolution of patients in the Physical Activity Group, through exploratory-descriptive research. The setting was the RCDH mentioned above. The participants were ten patients at the Rehabilitation Center - participating in the Physical Activity Group - adults, both male and female, from different age groups and social backgrounds and presenting different (continuation) physical-motor skills. Ethical aspects recommended by National Council of Health were observed and approval was obtained both from the Ethics Committees of School of Nursing - USP and Clinical Board of Hospital das Clínicas - School of Medicine - USP. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. Most participants (n=9) were diagnosed with schizophrenia and all participants (n= 10) were using psychotropic drugs. The present study does not allow for generalizations. Therefore, following conclusions apply solely to the population studied: the tool developed for observation of behavior of the patient in the Physical Activity Group was validated, pre-tested and considered adequate for the purpose of the study; the programmed physical activities stimulated development of participants in motor, affective-social and cognitive domains, both from the point-of-view of the researcher as well as of patients; and, finally, it was possible to establish various hypotheses about the results for future investigation.

The Study for Development of Day Hospital Program of Eating Disorders / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop the day hospital program for Korean eating disorders patients and to examine the effect of the day hospital program on improving frequency of binging and purging, eating disorders symptoms, self-esteem, and depression. METHOD: The subjects were 24 binge eaters visited at eating disorders clinic "M". They participated in a modified day hospital program based on the Toronto Day Hospital Program. All subjects completed the Eating Disorders Inventory(EDI)-2, Rosenberg Self-Eesteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) at pre and post intervention, and recorded daily food records. RESULT: In paired t-test analysis, frequency of binging and purging, self-esteem, depression, and 11 sub-scales of EDI-2(drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, maturity fear, asceticism, impulse regulation, social insecurity) were significantly improved after treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the day hospital program for Korean eating disorders patients may be an effective initial approach to overcoming various eating disorders symptoms. Further studies should investigate longer term outcome data using a larger sample.

Evaluation of Day Hospital Program in the National Rehabilitation Hospital

OBJECTIVE: Day hospital program for the brain injured patients has been developed and conducted as a model project in the National Rehabilitation Hospital of Korea since August 1998. This article is to present our 1-year experience and evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of the program. METHOD: All patients treated in day hospital from August 1998 to July 1999 were included. Functional Independence Measure (FIM), ESCROW (Environment, Social support, Cluster of family members, Resources, Outlook, Work or School status), Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) were assessed at admission and discharge. Patient satisfaction was surveyed at discharge. Program cost was compared with that of inpatient control group. RESULTS: 1) Among 51 subjects (32 males, 19 females, mean age 57), 48 suffered stroke and 2 had traumatic brain injury. Average length of stay was 10 weeks and 45 patients (88.2%) were discharged to home. 2) FIM total score, motor subtotal score and cognitive subtotal score were all incresed significantly (p<0.01). 3) ESCROW score was also improved significantly (p<0.01). 4) SF-36 showed significant improvement in physical functioning, role limitation-emotional, mental health and general health (p<0.05). 5) 95.1% answered satisfaction with the program and 73.2% reported health enhancement. 6) Program costs were significantly lower than the inpatient group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Day hospital seems to be a useful program for comprehensive rehabilitation for the brain injured, and needs to be pervaded throughout the country with proper payment.

The Effectiveness of a Day Hospital Model for Integrated Therapy of Psychotic Patients / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: A day hospital has been remodeled after a vision to help psychotic patients quickly recover their psychological and social functions and lessen their induced regressions caused by long-term hospitalization, thereby enhancing their social abilities. The authors concerned once developed a day hospital model of an integrated therapy for psychotic patients suitable for Korean situation in their previous paper. Based on it, the present study was to determine how effective a day hospital would be, in comparison of the following two paired groups: day hospital group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as DH group) & day hospital parents group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as DH parents group) and OPD group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as OPD group) & OPD parents group with experience of hospitalization(hereinafter abbreviated as OPD parents group). METHODS: During the 18-month long research period(from May to 1996 October 1997), 17 day hospital patients with experience of hospitalization & their parents and the same number of OPD patients with experience of hospitalization & their parents were corespondingly paired with at random, who identified themselves closest in the following categories: diagnosis, age, sex and function. All of them were asked to check questionnaires on their respective quality of life, insight, and their attitude about drug. Day hospital patients with experience of hospitalization and their parents were checked from the first day they were treated while OPD patients with experience of hospitalization and their parents were examined after discharge from hospital, commonly at the interval of 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. RESULTS: 1) The quality of life scored higher in DH group than in OPD group. It turned increased significantly at the 3rd month and continued the same until the 12th month. At the 18th month, it showed a significant downturn. Meanwhile, DH group showed a significant upturn at the 3rd month and it turned down at 12 month. 2) The insight of DH group and DH parents group scored higher compared with OPD group and OPD parents group between the 3rd and 18th month, with the 3rd and 6th month showing a particular strength as well. Meanwhile, it continued unchanging for day DH group and DH parents group from the date on, of their discharge from hospital. 3) Attitude towards drugs scored higher in DH group than in OPD group at the 3rd and 6th month. It continued unchanging between the 6th and 18th month. It didn't score significantly higher in DH parents group than in their counterparts. 4) Satisfaction on the therapy started upward in DH group at the 3rd and 6th month, and scored higher in them than in their counterparts during the period form the 6th and 18th month. It started upward as well in DH parents group at the 3rd and 6th month, and scored higher in them than in their counterparts during the period form the 6th to the 18 month. 5) Number, and duration of DH group totalled lower than those by OPD group during the research period. CONCLUSION: The day hospital model, developed by the authors concerned, has proved a highly effective treatment for psychotic patients, as the data scored higher in the day hospital patients and their parents than in the OPD patients with experience of hospital and their parents in terms of "quality of life" by patients, insight, attitude toward drugs and satisfaction on its therapy.

A Day Hospital Model for Integrated Therapy of Psychotic Patients / 신경정신의학

OBJECTS: The purpose of this study was to present a day hospital model(hereinafter called as "this model") for integrated therapy, to evaluate the result of performing this model, and thus to develop day hospital model for helping psychotic patients effectively and promoting social readaptation. METHODS: The authors performed this day hospital model from 1996, May to December, A total of 25 psychotic Patients participated in this study. BPRS, Life Satisfaction Self-Rating Scale, Program Helpfulness Scale, 13 Therapeutic Factors, Scale, and Most Important Event Questionnaire were used at the start of day hospital treatment and at the end. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) In this model, it was possible to offer the wide treatment to heterogeneous patients who varied in age, number of admission, duration of illness, and functional level. 2) In the aspect of therapeutic effect, this model contributed for improving negative symptoms and increasing subjective life satisfaction. 3) When the patients were divided into the higher functional level group and the lower functional level group, the higher functional level group set a high value on group psychotherapy and psychodrama that were unstructured and could make patients explore their inner side deeply, But the lower functional level group did not so. Therefore dividing into two groups by functional level may be more effective for day hospital treatment. 4) Therapeutic factors were different between the periods of day hospital treatment, And in the higher functional level group, 'interpersonal learning' was important at the last period, but in the lower functional level group, 'socializing technique' was important at the last period. So long-term group psychotherapy may be more suitable for the after-care of the higher functional level group, and day care or other psychosocial rehabilitation programs may be more suitable for the after-care of the lower functional level group. 5) This model was easy to apply to Korean day hospital setting, and made staffs treat patients efficiently CONCLUSION: This day hospital model would be used effectively in Korean day hospital setting.